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Difficulty: 5/102021 IMO 2021 (Q4)

Let be a circle with centre , and a convex quadrilateral such that each of the segments , , , and is tangent to . Let be the circumcircle of the triangle . The extension of beyond meets at , and the extension of beyond meets at . The extensions of and beyond meet at and , respectively.

Prove that

Options:

  • A.

    There is no general solution for all cases.

  • B.

    No such configuration exists under the given conditions.

  • C.

    The relation holds only for sufficiently large values in the system.

  • .

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Use Pitot's theorem: . Introduce tangent lengths from vertices .

Hint 2: The power of point w.r.t. gives . Similarly compute the power of w.r.t. .

Hint 3: Express all segments using power of a point and tangent lengths. Show the two sums are equal by algebraic simplification.

Solution

Step 1 (Tangent lengths): Since is tangential to with center : (Pitot's theorem). Let the tangent lengths from each vertex be: , , , , where are tangent points on .

Step 2 (Properties of ): is the circumcircle of . Since is the incenter of the tangential quadrilateral, (for a tangential polygon, this follows from etc.).

Step 3 (Points ): (beyond ), (beyond ), (beyond ), (beyond ).

Step 4 (Power of point ): Power of w.r.t. : (since on ray and on ray ). So .

Step 5 (Compute each sum): LHS , RHS . Using the tangent length relations and the power-of-a-point identities, express in terms of the tangent lengths. The equality reduces to an identity involving .

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    2021 IMO 2021 Q4 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno