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Difficulty: 5/102024 IOQM 2024 (Q22)

In a triangle , . Let be the point on segment such that . Suppose . If , where are relatively prime positive integers and is a prime number, determine the value of .

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Set , so and . Let , and express in terms of and using the given relation .

Hint 2: Apply the Pythagorean theorem to the right triangle to get a quadratic relation between and . Solve for the ratio .

Hint 3: Express in terms of the ratio , rationalize the denominator, and write it in the form to find .

Solution

Step 1: Let . Since , we can let and . The total length of the hypotenuse is .

Step 2: The given relation is . Substituting our variables:

Step 3: Since is a right-angled triangle with , by the Pythagorean theorem:

Step 4: Expand and simplify the equation:

Step 5: Divide the entire equation by and let :

Solving this quadratic equation for :

Step 6: We want to find the ratio :

Step 7: Calculate :

Step 8: Add to find the ratio:

Comparing this to , we get , , and .

Step 9: Since and are relatively prime and is prime, these values satisfy the conditions. Finally, we calculate the sum:

Thus, the value of is .

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    2024 IOQM 2024 Q22 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno